Indonesia, Southeast Asia

Indonesia is the fourth-largest producer of coffee in the world. Indonesia’s arabica coffee varieties have low acidity and full bodies, which make them ideal for blending with higher-acidity coffees from Central America and East Africa.

History of coffee in Indonesia

Coffee was introduced to Indonesia in the late 1600s under Dutch colonial rule, beginning near Batavia (present-day Jakarta) before spreading across Java and later to Sumatra, Sulawesi, Bali, and other islands. Thanks to fertile volcanic soils and a tropical climate, Indonesia quickly became a major supplier of coffee to Europe. Early production focused on Arabica, but widespread outbreaks of coffee leaf rust in the late 19th century severely damaged plantations, prompting a shift toward more resilient Robusta and hybrid varieties. Over time, Indonesia developed a diverse coffee landscape shaped by its many islands, giving rise to well-known regional identities such as Java, Mandheling, Gayo, and Toraja. Today, coffee remains an important export and cultural crop, with both traditional production and a growing specialty sector highlighting Indonesia’s unique origins and processing styles.

Common Arabica varieties:

TimTim, Sigararutang, Ateng, P88, USDA, Abyssinia, Lini S-795, Typica, Bourbon and Kartika

Key growing regions:

Sumatra, Aceh, West Java, Sulawesi, Flores, Papua, and Bali

Harvest months: Sumatra:

Main crop April–June with a secondary pick Nov–Jan and sometimes year-round fly crops | Java: April–August | Bali: April–July | Flores: May–September | Sulawesi & Papua: May–October

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